Demographic trends in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—certain of non-public freedom, set rents, plus some measure of self-administration and functioning under the so-referred to as German Legislation—Established new villages and towns or reorganized aged ones. Cities received official charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawedee.tumblr.com/